#massextinctions

"Closely spaced or overlapping El Niño events create cumulative cloud suppression. Each El Niño phase actively reduces low-level stratocumulus and trade-wind cumulus clouds over vast tropical and subtropical ocean areas as part of the Bjerknes feedback loop. When the next El Niño develops before full cloud recovery during intervening La Niña or neutral conditions, the albedo loss becomes progressively more persistent, producing the observed multi-decadal linear decline. […] Major El Niño periods (especially 2015–16 and 2023–24) coincide with accelerated albedo drops and incomplete recoveries." Ford, Gillon (2026). "The El Niño Ratchet Effect Overlapping El Niño Events as a Driver of Multi-Decadal Planetary Albedo Decline" https://www.academia.edu/167011795/The_El_Ni%C3%B1o_Ratchet_Effect_Overlapping_El_Ni%C3%B1o_Events_as_a_Driver_of_Multi_Decadal_Planetary_Albedo_Decline #ElNiño #RatchetEffect #ENSO #massExtinction #massExtinctions #climate #climateChange #globalHeating #climateBreakdown #climateHeating #research #study

Greenhouse forcing: "We find that the likelihood of the occurrence of climate regime shifts significantly increases in the context of super El Niño events due to their remarkable climate perturbations. This higher probability is detected across various climate elements, such as surface air temperature, sea surface temperature, and surface soil moisture. In addition, we suggest that this boost effect of super El Niño events on climate regime shifts will be greatly amplified under future greenhouse warming." Xue, A., Geng, X., Jin, FF. et al. (2025). "Super El Niño events drive climate regime shifts with enhanced risks under global warming" https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66143-7 #RatchetEffect #acceleration #ENSO #ElNiño #massExtinction #massExtinctions #climate #climateChange #globalHeating #globalWarming #climateBreakdown #climateHeating #research #study