⚠️ Why standard GIS routing (D8, Sink Fill) fails in complex mining regions: 300m open pits become fake "lakes", and underground river tunnels are completely ignored. To map surface drainage across central Kryvyi Rih, I built a custom DEM hydro-conditioning pipeline: 🔹 Selective sink filtering (true pits vs DEM noise) 🔹 Subsurface conduit burn-in (diversion tunnels) 🔹 Closed micro-catchment delineation Crucial for geochemical transport & geotechnical risks. 🛠️ #RStats (#terra, #Rsagacmd), #QGIS, #SAGAGIS #GIS #Hydrology #HydroEnforcement #FOSSGIS #Mining #Geospatial #KryvyiRih #DigitalTerrainAnalysis