This randomized controlled trial examines whether music-based group exercise offers advantages over standard individual exercise in patients with acquired brain injury. Using a four-week intervention, the authors compare cognitive performance, mood, and activities of daily living between both approaches. While music-based group training was not superior in clinical outcomes, the study provides careful evidence that both formats support cognitive and functional improvement, with clear differences in enjoyment, concentration, and individual preference. Open access study: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1650872 #Neurorehabilitation #ClinicalResearch #MusicTherapy #BrainInjury #StrokeRecovery #CognitiveRehabilitation #OpenAccess