The buffer overflow was supposed to be dead. It just evolved. This issue walks the full escalation: classic stack smashing, ret2libc to survive NX, ROP chains that turn the stack into a Turing-complete program, leaking the stack canary, and the puts/GOT libc leak that unravels ASLR. Every mitigation adds a stage instead of a wall, and one memory leak is the master key to most of them. https://www.kayssel.com/newsletter/issue-63/ #InfoSec #CyberSecurity #BinaryExploitation #Pentesting #CTF #pwn